The diversity of null voting in Mexico

Abstract

Since 2009, the intentional invalidation of votes has become a form of civic protest. However, null votes do not always reflect deliberate acts of dissent and also may be due to other rationalities. How can one record and capture their diverse contents and meanings? This research places Mexico in comparative perspective, proposes a sociological definition of
null voting and analyzes its socio-demographic and psychosocial, territorial and individual components. This makes it possible to quantify,
typify and explore the various types of null voting and estimate their effects, with surprising conclusions.